Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Staël, Nicholas de nēkôläˈ də stäl [key], 1914–55, French painter, b. St. Petersburg, Russia. Reared in Brussels, he traveled extensively before settling in France in 1940. De Staël evolved ...

(Encyclopedia) Decamps, Alexandre Gabriel älĕksäNˈdrə gäbrēĕlˈ dəkäNˈ [key], 1803–60, French genre and historical painter, engraver, and lithographer. First known for his caricatures and illustrations,...

(Encyclopedia) Cavedone, Giacomo jäˈkōmō kävādôˈnā [key], 1577–1660, Italian painter, of the Bolognese school. He assisted Guido Reni in Rome, but his reputation as a master of color and composition was w...

(Encyclopedia) Cobb, Irvin Shrewsbury, 1876–1944, American author, b. Paducah, Ky. He was a noted New York humorist and columnist. Although he wrote over 60 books, Cobb is best known for his humorous stories of Ke...

(Encyclopedia) Corneille (Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo) kôrnāˈyə [key], 1922–2010, Belgian painter. Corneille was a member of CoBrA, the European group (1948–51) allied with abstract expressionism. His wo...

(Encyclopedia) Cropsey, Jasper Francis, 1823–1900, American artist, b. Staten Island, N.Y. Trained as an architect, Cropsey designed two churches in Staten Island and several stations on the Sixth Ave. elevated ra...

(Encyclopedia) spinel, magnesium aluminum oxide, MgAl2O4, a mineral crystallizing in the isometric system, usually as octahedrons. It occurs as an accessory mineral in basic igneous rocks, in aluminum-rich metamorph...

(Encyclopedia) Geissler tube gīsˈlər [key], gas discharge tube in which light is produced when an electric discharge passes through the rarefied gas in the tube. The color of the glow depends on the gas used. The...

(Encyclopedia) bile, bitter alkaline fluid of a yellow, brown, or green color, secreted, in man, by the liver. Bile, or gall, is composed of water, bile acids and their salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, fatty acids...

(Encyclopedia) sucrose so͞oˈkrōs [key], commonest of the sugars, a white, crystalline solid disaccharide (see carbohydrate) with a sweet taste, melting and decomposing at 186℃ to form caramel. It is known commo...