Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Riga, Treaty of, either of two peace treaties signed at Riga, Latvia. By the Treaty of Riga of 1920, between the USSR and Latvia, the USSR recognized Latvian independence. The Treaty of Riga of 1921, ...

(Encyclopedia) Plisetskaya, Maya mäˈyä plēsĕtsˈkäyä [key], 1925–2015, Russian dancer. Pliesetskaya became a soloist with the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow on graduating from its school in 1943. She soon gained...

(Encyclopedia) Traoré, Moussa, 1936–2020, Malian army officer and political leader. He served in the French army and, following independence in 1960, Mali's army, rising to the rank of lieutenant. In 1968 he seiz...

(Encyclopedia) Rosenberg Case, in U.S. history, a lengthy and controversial espionage case. In 1950, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested Julius Rosenberg (1918–53), an electrical engineer who had worked (...

(Encyclopedia)  CE5 Belarus or Byelarus both: byĕˌləro͞osˈ [key], officially Republic of Belarus, republic (2020 est. pop. ...

(Encyclopedia) Habima Theater häbēˈmä [key], [Heb.,=the stage], the national theater of Israel. Founded in 1917 in Moscow by Nahum Zemach and at first affiliated with the Moscow Art Theatre, it was one of the fi...

(Encyclopedia) Murmansk mo͝ormänskˈ [key], city (1989 pop. 468,000), capital of Murmansk region, NW European Russia, on the Kola Gulf of the Barents Sea. It is the terminus of the Northeast Passage and the world'...

(Encyclopedia) Karachay-Cherkess Republic kärächīˈ-chĕrkĕsˈ [key], constituent republic (1990 est. pop. 420,000), c.5,500 sq mi (14,200 sq km), Stavropol Territory, SE European Russia, in the Greater Caucasus...

(Encyclopedia) Gulag, system of forced-labor prison camps in the USSR, from the Russian acronym [GULag] for the Main Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps, a department of the Soviet secret police (originally the Ch...

(Encyclopedia) corporative state, economic system inaugurated by the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini in Italy. It was adapted in modified form under other European dictatorships, among them Adolf Hitler's Nationa...