Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Brazauskas, Algirdas Mykolas, 1932–2010, Lithuanian political leader. A civil engineer and economist, he rose in the Soviet Communist party bureaucracy and Lithuanian SSR government, and in 1988 bec...

(Encyclopedia) détente, relaxation of tensions between nations, applied particularly to a period of improved relations between the United States and Soviet Union in the 1960s and 70s that resulted as the hostilitie...

(Encyclopedia) Kania, Stanisław stənēēˈswäf käˈnyə [key], 1927–2020, Polish political leader. He joined the Communist party in 1945, becoming a member of the Central Committee in 1968 and of the Politburo...

(Encyclopedia) Fort Union National Monument: see National Parks and Monuments (table)national parks and monuments (table). ...

(Encyclopedia) French Community, established in 1958 by the constitution of the Fifth French Republic to replace the French Union. Its members consisted of the French Republic, which included metropolitan France (co...

(Encyclopedia) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), international financial institution that invests primarily in the private sector to promote entrepreneurship and foster the development of demo...

(Encyclopedia) International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), formerly World Conservation Union, international organization founded in 1948 to encourage the preservation of wildlife...

(Encyclopedia) Zhdanov, Andrei Aleksandrovich əndrāˈ əlyĭksänˈdrəvĭch zhdäˈnôf [key], 1896–1948, Soviet Communist leader. A loyal supporter of Stalin, he was made (1934) secretary of the Leningrad Comm...

(Encyclopedia) Baranovichi bäränôvēˈchĕ [key], city, in W Belarus. It is a major railway junction and has ...

(Encyclopedia) Maximilian, prince of Baden (Max of Baden), 1867–1929, German statesman, last chancellor of imperial Germany. A liberal, he was made imperial chancellor at the end of World War I as Germany neared d...