(Encyclopedia) commercial revolution, in European history, a fundamental change in the quantity and scope of commerce. In the later Middle Ages steady economic expansion had seen the rise of towns…
(Encyclopedia) Rockefeller Foundation, philanthropic institution established (1913) by John D. Rockefeller, Sr., to promote “the well-being of mankind throughout the world.” During its first 14 years…
(Encyclopedia) Taylor, John, 1753–1824, American political philosopher. Known as John Taylor of Caroline, he was born in Virginia, probably in Caroline co., where he later lived at “Hazlewood.”…
(Encyclopedia) Giolitti, GiovanniGiolitti, Giovannijōvänˈnē jōlētˈtē [key], 1842–1928, Italian public official, five times premier (1892–93, 1903–5, 1906–9, 1911–14, 1920–21). He entered parliament…
(Encyclopedia) Dawes, Charles GatesDawes, Charles Gatesdôz [key], 1865–1951, American statesman and banker, b. Marietta, Ohio. Admitted (1886) to the bar, Dawes practiced law in Lincoln, Nebr., until…
(Encyclopedia) Najib Razak or Najib Tun RazakNajib Tun Razaknäjēbˈ t&oomacr;n räˈzäk [key], 1958–, Malaysian politician. A Malay, he is a member of a prominent political family, the son of…
(Encyclopedia) le Carré, Johnle Carré, Johnlə kärāˈ [key], pseud. of David John Moore Cornwell, 1931–2020, English novelist. He was a tutor at Eton College (1956–58), and subsequently worked for the…
(Encyclopedia) Ito, HirobumiIto, Hirobumihērōˈb&oomacr;mē ēˈtō [key], 1841–1909, Japanese statesman, the outstanding figure in the modernization of Japan. As a young Choshu samurai, he was a…
(Encyclopedia) Okuma, ShigenobuOkuma, Shigenobushēgāˈnōb&oomacr; ōˈk&oomacr;mä [key], 1838–1922, Japanese statesman. He was an early supporter of the emperor and entered the Meiji government…
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