Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Menderes mĕndĕrĕsˈ [key], name of several rivers in Turkey. The Büyük Menderes is the ancient Maeander; the Küçük Menderes is the ancient Scamander. ...

(Encyclopedia) Botsford, George Willis, 1862–1917, American historian, b. West Union, Iowa. After some years (1895–1901) at Harvard, he taught (1901–17) ancient history at Columbia. An outstanding authority on...

(Encyclopedia) Mycenaean civilization mīsēnēˈən [key], an ancient Aegean civilization known from the excavations at Mycenae and other sites. They were first undertaken by Heinrich Schliemann and others after 18...

(Encyclopedia) Chinese music, the classical music forms of China. Throughout the political and social turmoil following World War I, Western (classical and popular) and Japanese sources dominated Chinese music. At...

(Encyclopedia) Tébessa təbĕsˈə [key], ancient Theveste, town (1998 pop. 153,246), NE Algeria, in the Atlas Mts. The town is an important agricultural market and is noted for its silk embroidery and carpets. The...

(Encyclopedia) Gortyna gôrtīˈnə [key], ancient city, S central Crete. Under Rome it was one of the leading cities of the island. Many ancient Greek remains have been discovered on the site. An inscription dating...

(Encyclopedia) Amaravati ŭˌmərävŭˈtē [key], ancient ruined city, Andhra Pradesh state, SE India, near the mouth of the Krishna River. The former capital of the Buddhist Satavahana, or Andhra, kingdom, it is a...

(Encyclopedia) lyre, generic term for stringed musical instruments having a sound box from which project curved arms joined by a crossbar. The strings are stretched between the crossbar and the sound box and are plu...

(Encyclopedia) Lanciani, Rodolfo Amadeo rōdôlˈfō ämädĕˈō länchäˈnē [key], 1847?–1929, Italian archaeologist. He was an authority on the ancient topography of Ostia and Rome and discovered many importa...

(Encyclopedia) Shakhmatov, Aleksey Aleksandrovich əlĭksyāˈ əlĭksänˈdrəvĭch shôkmətôfˈ [key], 1864–1920, Russian philologist and historian. Shakhmatov's many books on the history of the Russian langua...