Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Louis the Pious: see Louis I, emperor of the West. ...

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Great, Frankish king, emperor of the West: see Charlemagne. ...

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Bald, French king: see Charles II, emperor of the West. ...

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Fat, French king: see Charles III, emperor of the West. ...

(Encyclopedia) Ogier the Dane ōˈjēər, ōzhyāˈ [key], in the chansons de geste, a paladin of Charlemagne. Although his military feats save emperor and kingdom, he is for a time at odds with Charlemagne. In some...

(Encyclopedia) Actors Studio, The, organization founded 1947 in New York City by the directors Cheryl Crawford, Elia Kazan, and Robert Lewis to train professional actors. Long directed (1948–82) by Lee Strasberg a...

(Encyclopedia) Federation of the Emirates of the South: see South Arabia, Federation of. ...

(Encyclopedia) Emirates of the South, Federation of the: see South Arabia, Federation of. ...

(Encyclopedia) Ivan the Great: see Ivan III.

(Encyclopedia) Ivan the Terrible: see Ivan IV.