Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Gumma go͞omˈmä [key], prefecture, 2,446 sq mi (6,335 sq km), central Honshu, Japan. Ma...

(Encyclopedia) Helmont, Jan Baptista van yän bäptĭsˈtä vän hĕlˈmônt [key], 1577–1644, Flemish physician, chemist, and physicist. He attributed physiological changes to chemical causes, but his conclusions...

(Encyclopedia) Solvay process [for Ernest Solvay], commercial process for the manufacture of sodium carbonate (washing soda). Ammonia and carbon dioxide are passed into a saturated sodium chloride solution to form s...

(Encyclopedia) pyrolusite pīˈrōlo͞ozīt [key], naturally occurring manganese dioxide, MnO2, a black mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system but is usually found in earthy or massive deposits. It is th...

(Encyclopedia) Cesena chāzāˈnä [key], city, in Emilia-Romagna, N central Italy, on the Sávio River. It ...

(Encyclopedia) Włocławek vlôtsläˈvĕk [key], Rus. Vlotslavsk, city (1994 est. pop. 123,000), Kujawsko-Pomorskie prov., central Poland, a port on the Vistula (Wisła) River. It is an agricultural market center a...

(Encyclopedia) Salado, Río rēˈō säläˈᵺō [key] [Sp.,=salty river], name of several South American rivers, including more than 10 in Argentina. The most important is the Río Salado del Norte (c.1,250 mi/2,0...

(Encyclopedia) Fairmont, city (2020 pop. 18,302), seat of Marion co., N central W.Va., where the West Fork and Tygart rivers form the Monongahela; settled 1793 around ...

(Encyclopedia) Lynen, Feodor fāōˈdôr lēˈnən [key], 1911–79, German biochemist, grad. Univ. of Munich (Ph.D. 1937). He began teaching at the Max Planck Institute for Cell Chemistry in Munich in 1947. His res...

(Encyclopedia) enamelware, utensils having a metal foundation and a coating of special glass, called porcelain enamel, applied by fusion. The porcelain enamel, or vitreous enamel, is applied to make the utensils cor...