Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Grybauskaite, Dalia, 1956–, Lithuanian politician, president of Lithuania (2009–14). A member of the Communist party of the Soviet Union (1983–89) and the Communist party of Lithuania (1989–90...

(Encyclopedia) Cartwright, Sir Richard John, 1835–1912, Canadian politician, b. Kingston, Ont. He was elected as a Conservative to the legislative assembly of Canada (1863) and to the first dominion House of Commo...

(Encyclopedia) Cleveland, Frederick Albert, 1865–1946, American economist, b. Sterling, Ill., studied at DePauw Univ. and at the Univ. of Chicago, Ph.D. Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1900. He taught at the Univ. of Penns...

(Encyclopedia) Muldoon, Sir Robert David, 1921–92, New Zealand political leader, prime minister (1975–84). Originally a public accountant, he entered parliament in 1960 as a member of the conservative National p...

(Encyclopedia) Takahashi, Korekiyo kōrāˈkēō täˌkähäˈshē [key], 1854–1936, Japanese statesman and financier. Long an official of the Yokohama Specie Bank, he became its president in 1906, and from 1911 t...

(Encyclopedia) Desai, Morarji Ranchhodji dĕsīˈ [key], 1896–1995, Indian political leader. He joined the government in 1956, becoming minister of finance (1958–63). He returned to government in 1967 as deputy...

(Encyclopedia) Noda, Yoshihiko, 1957–, Japanese political leader, prime minister of Japan, (2011–12), b. Funabashi, studied Waseda Univ. (grad. 1980) and Matsushita Institute of Government and Management. Noda b...

(Encyclopedia) Siniora, Fouad fo͞oädˈ sĭnyôrˈä [key], 1943–, Lebanese business and political leader, prime minister of Lebanon, (2005–9), b. Sidon. He pursued a career in banking and finance, holding posi...

(Encyclopedia) call, in finance, see: puts and calls. ...

(Encyclopedia) stamp tax, method of collecting duties on certain transactions by means of a validating stamp attached to the taxable instrument, which may be a judicial act, a commercial document, a transfer of prop...