Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Welby, Justin Portal, 1956–, archbishop of Canterbury (2013–), b. London, grad. Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1978). An oil executive until 1989, he studied theology at St. John's College, Dur...

(Encyclopedia) Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani, 1932–2016, emir of Qatar (1972–95). Khalifa was the son of Hamad bin Abdullah al-Thani, the second emir's heir apparent, but Hamad died (1948) before the emir. During t...

(Encyclopedia) Symington, William Stuart, 1901–88, U.S. senator (1953–76), b. Amherst, Mass. He interrupted a successful business career in 1941 to accept a War Department assignment involving a study of airplan...

(Encyclopedia) Ryti, Risto rēˈstō rüˈtē [key], 1889–1956, Finnish political leader. In 1919 he was elected to the Finnish diet. He later served as minister of finance (1921–24) and as governor of the Bank ...

(Encyclopedia) Seaga, Edward Philip George sēˈägä [key], 1930–2019, prime minister of Jamaica (1980–89). Born in Boston, Mass., to Jamaican parents of Lebanese, European, and African descent, he was a record...

(Encyclopedia) Arce Catacora, Luis Alberto, 1963–, Bolivian government official and political leader. Trained as an economist, Arce held several positions at Bolivia's central bank (1987–2006) before becoming mi...

(Encyclopedia) Conrad II, c.990–1039, Holy Roman emperor (1027–39) and German king (1024–39), first of the Salian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. With the end of the Saxon line on the death of Henry II, the ...

(Encyclopedia) Patterson, P. J. (Percival James Patterson), 1935–, Jamaican political leader, prime minister of Jamaica (1992–2006). A lawyer, he became an active member of the People's National party (PNP) in t...

(Encyclopedia) Kikwete, Jakaya Mrisho jäkäˈyä kĭkwĕˈtā [key], 1950–, Tanzanian political leader, b. Msoga, Tanganyika, grad. Univ. of Dar es Salaam (1978). He joined the defense forces while in college, an...

(Encyclopedia) Lee Hsien Loong lē shyĕn lo͞ong [key], 1952–, prime minister of Singapore (2004–). The eldest son of Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore's first prime minister, Lee was educated at Cambridge and Harvard wh...