Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Spanish civil war, 1936–39, conflict in which the conservative and traditionalist forces in Spain rose against and finally overthrew the second Spanish republic. For Germany and Italy the Span...

(Encyclopedia) Vashti văshˈtī [key], in the Bible, queen whom Ahasuerus deposed for disobedience. ...

(Encyclopedia) Halifax, Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st earl of, 1881–1959, British statesman. He entered the House of Commons (1910) as a Conservative and was president of the Board of Education (1922–24) an...

(Encyclopedia) Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand gänˈdē [key], 1869–1948, Indian political and spiritual leader, b. Porbandar. In 1942, after rejection of his offer to cooperate with Great Britain in World War II ...

(Encyclopedia) Civil War, in U.S. history, conflict (1861–65) between the Northern states (the Union) and the Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy. It is generally known in the So...

(Encyclopedia) Patel, Vallabhbhai vŭlˌləb-bäˈē pətĕlˈ [key], 1875–1950, Indian political leader. He was admitted (1913) to the bar in England and set up a lucrative practice in India. In 1915 he met Mohan...

(Encyclopedia) Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument: see National Parks and Monuments (table)national parks and monuments (table). ...

(Encyclopedia) Thoreau, Henry David thôrˈō, thərōˈ [key], 1817–62, American author, naturalist, social activist, and philosopher, b. Concord, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1837. Thoreau is considered one of the most...

(Encyclopedia) civil war, in Roman history: see Marius and Sulla; Pompey and Julius Caesar. ...

(Encyclopedia) Luthuli, Albert John lətho͞oˈlē [key], 1898?–1967, African political leader in the Republic of ...