Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Dutch and Flemish literature, literary works written in the standard language of the Low Countries since the Middle Ages. It is conventional to use the term Dutch when referring to the language spoken...

(Encyclopedia) Girard College, in Philadelphia, an elementary and secondary boarding school for children with financial need from single-parent or parentless families. It opened 1848 with a bequest, now grown to a h...

(Encyclopedia) Scottish Gaelic language and literature: see Celtic languages; Gaelic literature. ...

(Encyclopedia) meningitis sĕrˌəbrōspīˈnəl [key], acute inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other orga...

(Encyclopedia) Cox, Louise Howland King, 1865–1945, American painter, b. San Francisco. She studied at the National Academy of Design and at the Art Students League, New York, under Kenyon Cox. whom she married in...

(Encyclopedia) Better Business Bureaus (BBBs), agencies devoted to promoting ethical practices on the part of business through voluntary self-regulation. BBBs are supported by businesses in communities throughout th...

(Encyclopedia) Rudolph, Wilma Glodean, 1940–94, American track and field athlete, b. Clarksville, Tenn. The 20th of 22 children, she overcame childhood polio to become one of the premiere athletes of her time. She...

(Encyclopedia) Aakjaer, Jeppe yĕpˈə ôkˈyâr [key], 1866–1930, Danish poet and novelist. He wrote mostly of his native Jutland, and his concern for the poor is reflected in such novels as The Peasant's Son (18...

(Encyclopedia) style, in literature, the mysterious yet recognizable result of a successful blending of form with content. Generally speaking, all the arts reflect one of two stylistic tendencies: the classical or t...

(Encyclopedia) Lions International, organization of business and professional people, founded (1917) by Melvin Jones. The International Association of Lions Clubs (popularly known as Lions International) is devoted ...