Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) greenback, in U.S. history, legal tender notes unsecured by specie (coin). In 1862, under the exigencies of the Civil War, the U.S. government first issued legal tender notes (popularly called greenba...

(Encyclopedia) Hofuf äl ho͝o– [key], town, E Saudi Arabia. Textile manufacturing, food processing, and A...

(Encyclopedia) Ann Arbor, city (2020 pop. 123,851), seat of Washtenaw co., S Mich., on the Huron River; inc. 1851. It is a research and educational center, with a large number of government and industria...

(Encyclopedia) Kashan käshänˈ [key], city (1991 pop. 155,188), Tehran prov., W central Iran. The city has long been noted for its silk textiles, carpets, ceramics, copperware, and rose water. The Ardebil carpet a...

(Encyclopedia) Ems, river, 208 mi (335 km) long, rising in the Teutoburger Wald, NW Germany, and flowing NW into the North Sea near Emden. Its wide mouth is called the Dollart. The Ems is paralleled for much of its ...

(Encyclopedia) De Bary, Heinrich Anton hīnˈrĭkh änˈtōn də bärēˈ [key], 1831–88, German botanist. He was professor at the universities of Freiburg in Breisgau (1855–66) and Halle (1867–72) and first r...

(Encyclopedia) magnetic pole, the two roughly opposite ends of the planet where the earth's magnetic intensity is the greatest, as the north and south magnetic poles. For the magnetic north, it is the direction from...

(Encyclopedia) Irving, Edward, 1792–1834, Scottish preacher, under whose influence the Catholic Apostolic Church was founded; its members have sometimes been called Irvingites. He was tutor to Jane Welsh, later th...

(Encyclopedia) network, in computing, two or more computers connected for the purpose of routing, managing, and storing rapidly changing data. A local area network (LAN), which is restricted by distances of up to on...

(Encyclopedia) Orphic Mysteries or Orphism, religious cult of ancient Greece, prominent in the 6th cent. b.c. According to legend Orpheus founded these mysteries and was the author of the sacred poems from which the...