Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Largo Caballero, Francisco fränthēsˈkō lärˈgō käbälyāˈrō [key], 1869–1946, Spanish Socialist leader and politician. A trade union leader, he initially followed opportunistic policies and...

(Encyclopedia) Chechnya chəchĕnˈ [key], republic (1990 est. pop. 1,300,000, with neighboring Ingushetia), c.6,100 sq mi (15,800 sq km), SE European Russia, in the N Caucasus. Grozny is the capital. Prior to 1992 ...

(Encyclopedia) Riboud, Marc, 1923–2016, French photojournalist. After fighting in the resistance during World War II, he studied engineering. In 1952 he moved to Paris, where he met Henri Cartier-Bresson, who beca...

(Encyclopedia) Agency for International Development (AID), federal agency created (Sept., 1961) to consolidate U.S. nonmilitary foreign aid programs. Originally an agency in the State Department, it has been a compo...

(Encyclopedia)  CE5 Turkmenistan to͞orkmyĕˌnyĭstänˈ [key], republic (2015 est. pop. 5,565,000), 188,455 sq mi (488,100 sq km), central Asia. It borders on Afghanistan and Iran in the south, Uzbekistan in the...

(Encyclopedia) Anschluss änˈshlo͝os [key], German term designating the incorporation of Austria into Germany in the 1930s. Anschluss was first advocated by Austrian Social Democrats. The 1919 peace treaty of St. ...

(Encyclopedia) Svinhufvud, Pehr Evind pār āˈvĭnd svēnˈho͝oˌvəd, svĭnˈho͝ovo͝od [key], 1861–1944, president of Finland (1931–37). A judge under the Russian czarist regime in Finland, he played a majo...

(Encyclopedia) Ngouabi, Marien, 1938–77, Congolese army officer and political leader. After military training in France, he served in the Congo Republic's army and started the country's first paratrooper battalion...

(Encyclopedia) Tsvetayeva or Tsvetaeva, Marina Ivanovna tsvyĭtäˈyəvə [key], 1892–1941, Russian poet. She was a major Russian poet, who survived the civil war, emigrated to Prague and Paris, and returned to Ru...

(Encyclopedia) Scheel, Walter välˈtər shāl [key], 1919–2016, German political leader, president of West Germany (1974–79). After serving in World War II, Scheel became interested in politics and joined the F...