Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Jaroszewicz, Piotr pyôˈtər yärôshĕˈvĭch [key], 1909–92, Polish political leader. A schoolmaster, he lived during World War II in the Soviet Union, where he joined the Polish army in 1943. In...

(Encyclopedia) Jarring, Gunnar gŭnˈär yärˈĭng [key], 1907–2002, Swedish diplomat. He entered diplomatic service during World War II and was minister to India (1948–51), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka; 1950–51), a...

(Encyclopedia) Jobert, Michel mēshĕlˈ zhôbĕrˈ [key], 1921–2002, French diplomat, b. Morocco (then a French colony). In 1963, he joined Georges Pompidou's staff during Pompidou's premiership. After Pompidou's...

(Encyclopedia) Kirkwood, Samuel Jordan, 1813–94, American politician, b. Harford co., Md. Moving to Ohio in 1835, he served (1845–49) as prosecuting attorney for Richland co. and was a member (1850–51) of the ...

(Encyclopedia) Konaré, Alpha Oumar, 1946–, Malian politcal leader. He served as Mali's youth, sports, and culture minister (1978–80); was a professor of history and archaeology; founded and edited a cultural re...

(Encyclopedia) Bercow, John Simon, 1963–, British politician. A member of the Conservative party, he was first elected to Parliament in 1997. In 2009, Bercow was elected speaker of the House of Commons, a post he ...

(Encyclopedia) Walker, Mary Edwards, 1832–1919, American surgeon and feminist, b. Oswego, N.Y., grad. Syracuse Medical College, 1855. At the beginning of the Civil War she offered her services to the Union army. F...

(Encyclopedia) Weizsäcker, Richard Karl Freiherr von, 1920–2015, German political leader. After serving in World War II, Weizsäcker earned a law degree from the Univ. of Göttingen (1953), then worked in the pri...

(Encyclopedia) Tolpuddle Martyrs, name given to six English agricultural laborers who in 1834 were prosecuted for trade union activities and sentenced to transportation. In 1833 these laborers, led by George and Jam...

(Encyclopedia) Vereeniging fərēˈnĭkhĭng [key] [Afrik.,=union], city, now part of the Enfuleni local municipality, Gauteng prov., NE South Africa, on the Vaal River. An industrial center, its chief products are ...