Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig lo͞otˈvĭkh mēˈĕs vän dĕr rōˈə [key], 1886–1969, German-American architect. A pioneer of modern architecture and one of its most influential figures, he is famous...

(Encyclopedia) Freedmen's Bureau, in U.S. history, a federal agency, formed to aid and protect the newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War. Established by an act of Mar. 3, 1865, under the name “bureau...

(Encyclopedia) Reconstruction, 1865–77, in U.S. history, the period of readjustment following the Civil War. At the end of the Civil War, the defeated South was a ruined land. The physical destruction wrought by t...

(Encyclopedia) Arbuthnot, John ärbŭthˈnət, ärˈbəthnŏt [key], 1667–1735, Scottish author and scientist, court physician (1705–14) to Queen Anne. He is best remembered for his five “John Bull” pamphlet...

(Encyclopedia) Ochs, Adolph Simon ŏks [key], 1858–1935, American newspaper publisher, b. Cincinnati. Starting as a newsboy in Knoxville, Tenn., he became a printer's apprentice, compositor, and, in 1878, publishe...

(Encyclopedia) Paley Center for Media, American archive of radio and television programs, and forum for the discussion of the role and evolution of electronic media as well as the intersections of media and society;...

(Encyclopedia) Montagna, Bartolomeo bärtōlōmĕˈō mōntäˈnyä [key], c.1450–1523, Italian painter. He was the founder and most important representative of the school of Vicenza, where he settled in 1480. His...

(Encyclopedia) Binghamton bĭngˈəmtən [key], industrial city (2020 pop. 47,969), seat of Broome co., S central ...

(Encyclopedia) Black, Eugene Robert, 1898–1992, American financier, b. Atlanta, grad. Univ. of Georgia (B.A., 1917). After serving in the navy during World War I and working at the investment firm Harris, Forbes, ...

(Encyclopedia) Shawnee [1] shôˈnēˌ, shôˌnēˈ; [2] shôˌnēˈ [key]. 1 City (1990 pop. 37,993), Johnson co., NE Kans., a residential suburb of Kansas City; founded 1857, inc. 1922. Consumer goods, lumber, hon...