Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Fianna Fáil fēˈənə fäl [key], Irish political party, organized in 1926 by opponents of the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 establishing the Irish Free State and setting up Northern Ireland as part of...

(Encyclopedia) Hillquit, Morris, 1869–1933, American lawyer and Socialist leader, b. Riga, Latvia (then in Russia). He came to the United States in 1886. He was the leader of the right-wing, or constitutional, Soc...

(Encyclopedia) Diori, Hamani, 1916–89, Nigerien political leader. A teacher in Niger and Paris, and then a school headmaster in Niamey, Niger, he helped found (1946) the Niger Progressive party (PPN). After servin...

(Encyclopedia) Ramotar, Donald Rabindranauth, 1950–, Guyanese political leader. An economist, he joined the People's Progressive party (PPP) in 1967, was elected to its central committee (1979) and executive commi...

(Encyclopedia) Liberal Democrats, British political party created in 1988 by the merger of the Liberal party with the Social Democratic party; the party was initially called the Social and Liberal Democratic party. ...

(Encyclopedia) Campbell, Kim (Avril Phaedra Campbell), 1947–, Canadian political leader, prime minister of Canada (1993), b. Port Alberni, British Columbia. A litigation lawyer and originally a member of the Socia...

(Encyclopedia) Harper, Stephen, 1959–, prime minister (2006–15) of Canada. A founding member of the conservative Reform party (later the Canadian Alliance), he won a seat in the federal parliament in 1993, but b...

(Encyclopedia) Ford, Doug (Douglas Robert Ford), 1964–, Canadian politician. He worked at Deco Labels and Tags, a company his father cofounded, becoming responsible for operations after his father entered politics...

(Encyclopedia) Nikolić, Tomislav ämˈēsläv nēˈkōlĭch [key], 1952–, Serbian political leader. A construction executive, he entered politics in the 1990s, becoming a member of the ultranationalist Serbian Ra...

(Encyclopedia) Black Shirts, colloquial term originally used to refer to the members of the Fasci di combattimento, units of the Fascist organization founded in Italy in Mar., 1919, by Benito Mussolini. A black shir...