Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Butkevičius, Algirdas, 1958–, Lithuanian politician. An economist by education, Butkevičius joined the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (SDPL) in 1992, was deputy chairman of the party from 19...

(Encyclopedia) Inukai, Ki (Tsuyoshi) kē ĭno͞oˈkī; tso͞oyōˈshē [key], 1855–1932, Japanese statesman. He became president of the Seiyukai party in 1929 and was prime minister from Jan. to May, 1932. His cab...

(Encyclopedia) Hicks, Granville, 1901–82, American writer, b. Exeter, N.H. A member of the Communist party, he edited The New Masses and wrote a pioneering Marxist interpretation of American literature, The Great ...

(Encyclopedia) Klaus, Josef yōˈzĕf klous [key], 1910–2001, Austrian politician. He was drafted into the army and fought in World War II on the Axis side. Chosen leader (1963) of the business- and church-oriente...

(Encyclopedia) Suzuki, Zenko, 1911–2004, Japanese politican. A founder of the ruling Liberal Democratic party (1955), he became prime minister on the death of Masayoshi Ohira (1980). Criticism from within the part...

(Encyclopedia) Bettel, Xavier, 1973–, Luxembourg political leader. A lawyer, he entered politics in 1999 as a member of both Luxembourg City's communal council and the Chamber of Deputies. In 2011 he was elected m...

(Encyclopedia) Li Dazhao lē dä-jou [key], 1888–1927, professor of history and librarian at Beijing Univ., cofounder of the Chinese Communist party with Chen Duxiu. He was the first important Chinese intellectual...

(Encyclopedia) Liu Shaoqi or Liu Shao-ch'i both: lyo͞o shou-chē [key], 1898?–1969, Chinese Communist political leader. Liu joined (1920) a Comintern organization in Shanghai, where he studied Russian. While in M...

(Encyclopedia) Malan, Daniel François dänyĕlˈ fräNswäˈ məlänˈ [key], 1874–1959, South African political leader. A minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, he left the pulpit after the outbreak of World War...

(Encyclopedia) Ashdown, Paddy (Jeremy John Durham Ashdown, Baron Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon), 1941–2018, British political leader and diplomat, b. New Delhi, British India, where his father was an army officer. ...