Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Garfield, James Rudolph, 1865–1950, U.S. Secretary of the Interior (1907–9), b. Hiram, Ohio; son of President James A. Garfield. After being admitted to the Ohio bar in 1888, he became a lawyer in...

(Encyclopedia) Pindling, Sir Lynden Oscar, 1930–2000, prime minister of the Bahamas (1967–92). The son of a policeman, he received a law degree (1952) from London Univ. As leader of the Progressive Liberal party...

(Encyclopedia) Ali, Irfaan (Mohammed Irfaan Ali), 1980–, Guyanese political leader. He worked for the Caribbean Development Bank before he was first elected to Guyana's national assembly in 2006. A member of the P...

(Encyclopedia) Black Shirts, colloquial term originally used to refer to the members of the Fasci di combattimento, units of the Fascist organization founded in Italy in Mar., 1919, by Benito Mussolini. A black shir...

(Encyclopedia) Ward, Barbara Mary, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth, 1914–81, British writer. Educated at the Sorbonne and at Oxford, she joined the staff of the Economist in 1939 and became foreign editor in 1940. F...

(Encyclopedia) Ferdinand, 1861–1948, czar of Bulgaria (1908–18), after being ruling prince (1887–1908). A grandnephew of Ernest I of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, he was chosen prince of Bulgaria after the enforced abdic...

(Encyclopedia) Jessup, Philip Caryl, 1897–1986, American authority on international law, b. New York City, grad. Hamilton College, 1919, LL.B. Yale, 1924, Ph.D. Columbia, 1927. He was admitted (1925) to the bar, a...

(Encyclopedia) Whitehall. 1 City (1990 pop. 20,572), Franklin co., central Ohio, a suburb of Columbus; inc. 1948. Manufactures include water coolers and packaged meats. A large federal defense construction supply ce...

(Encyclopedia) Figueres Ferrer, José ōlˈsān [key], 1954–, was president of Costa Rica from 1994 to 1998. ...

(Encyclopedia) Suggs, Louise (Mae Louise Suggs), 1923–2015, American golfer, b. Atlanta, Ga. A successful amateur golfer as a teenager, she turned professional in 1948 after winning several amateur and other champ...