Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Awami League, political organization in Pakistan and Bangladesh. It was founded in 1949 as an opposition party in Pakistan and had a moderately socialist ideology. The Awami [people's] League, with co...

(Encyclopedia) Kan, Naoto, 1946–, Japanese political leader, grad. Tokyo Institute of Technology (1970). A civic activist and long-time opponent of the Liberal Democratic party, he first was elected to the Diet in...

(Encyclopedia) Naumann, Friedrich frēˈdrĭkh nouˈmän [key], 1860–1919, German political leader. A Lutheran pastor, he renounced (1894) the ministry to enter politics. He was a leading member of the Progressive...

(Encyclopedia) Bennigsen, Rudolf von ro͞oˈdôlf fən bĕnˈĭksən [key], 1824–1902, German political leader. A liberal nationalist from Hanover, he favored German unification under a democratic Prussian state. ...

(Encyclopedia) May, Theresa Mary, 1956–, British political leader, b. Eastbourne, Sussex, as Theresa Mary Brasier, grad. Oxford (1977). She worked for the Bank of England (1977–83) and the Association for Paymen...

(Encyclopedia) Shekhar, Chandra (Chandra Shekhar Singh), 1927–2007, Indian political leader, prime minister of India (1990–91), b. Uttar Pradesh. Active in the Socialist party, he served in the upper house of pa...

(Encyclopedia) Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, José, 1957–, Portuguese political leader, prime minister of Portugal (2005–11). b. Porto. A member of the center-left Socialist party since 1981, he was elected...

(Encyclopedia) Kirk, Norman Eric, 1923–74, New Zealand political leader. A Labour party member, he rose in New Zealand politics, entering Parliament in 1957, and becoming vice president (1963) and then president (...

(Encyclopedia) Longo, Luigi lo͞oēˈjē lôngˈgō [key], 1900–1980, Italian political leader. He was a founder of the Italian Communist party in 1921. In the Spanish civil war he served as inspector-general of t...

(Encyclopedia) Suslov, Mikhail Andreyevich mēkhəyēlˈ əndrāˈyəvĭch so͝oslôfˈ [key], 1902–82, Soviet politician and ideologist. A Communist party member since 1921, he rose to prominence in the party hie...