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(Encyclopedia) John of Austria, 1629–79, Spanish general and statesman; illegitimate son of Philip IV. He helped put down Masaniello's revolt (1647) in Naples, was viceroy of Sicily (1648–51), and fought (1651�...
(Encyclopedia) Louis V (Louis the Sluggard), c.967–987, last French king of the Carolingian dynasty; son of King Lothair. His father had him crowned in 979, but he did not become king until Lothair's death in 986....
(Encyclopedia) Wallace, Sir William, 1272?–1305, Scottish soldier and national hero. The first historical record of Wallace's activities concerns the burning of Lanark by Wallace and 30 men in May, 1297, and the s...
(Encyclopedia) Hundred Years War, 1337–1453, conflict between England and France.
The Hundred Years War inflicted untold misery on France. Farmlands were laid waste, the population was decimated by war, famine, ...
(Encyclopedia) Charles V (Charles Leopold), 1643–90, duke of Lorraine; nephew of Duke Charles IV. Deprived of the rights of succession to the duchy, he was forced to leave France and entered the service of the Hol...
(Encyclopedia) Angoulême, Charles de Valois, comte d'Auvergne, duc d' shärl də välwäˈ kôNt dōvĕrnˈyə dük däNgo͞olĕmˈ [key], 1573–1650, illegitimate son of King Charles IX of France. He turned again...
(Encyclopedia) Charles II (Charles the Bad), 1332–87, king of Navarre (1349–87), count of Évreux; grandson of King Louis X of France. He carried on a long feud with his father-in-law, John II, king of France, p...
(Encyclopedia) James I, 1243–1311, king of Majorca (1276–1311), count of Roussillon and Cerdagne, lord of Montpellier, son of James I of Aragón. In 1278 he was forced to become a vassal of his brother, Peter II...
(Encyclopedia) Velázquez, Diego Rodríguez de Silva y rôᵺrēˈgāth ᵺā sēlˈvä ē vāläthˈkāth [key], 1599–1660, b. Seville. He was the most celebrated painter of the Spanish school.
Velázquez's dev...
(Encyclopedia) Nogaret, Guillaume de gēyōmˈ də nôgärāˈ [key], 1265?–1313, French statesman. A jurist, he was a member of the royal council of King Philip IV. During Philip's conflict with Pope Boniface VII...