Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Gulf Islands National Seashore: see National Parks and Monuments (table)national parks and monuments (table). ...

(Encyclopedia) Mardonius märdōˈnēəs [key], d. 479 b.c., Persian general; son-in-law of Darius I. Darius sent him (492 b.c.) to retaliate against Eretria and Athens for aiding the Ionians in the Persian Wars, bu...

(Encyclopedia) Manamah, Al äl mänämˈä [key], town (1991 pop. 127,578), capital, commercial center, and largest city of Bahrain, on the Persian Gulf. It has oil refineries and light industries and is a free port...

(Encyclopedia) Hasa, Al äl häˈsä, hăˈsə [key], region, E Saudi Arabia, on the Persian Gulf. Administrated as the Eastern Province, Hofuf is the chief town. Dates, wheat, and rice are produced. It was taken fr...

(Encyclopedia) Kish kēsh [key], island (9 mi/14.5 km long, 4 mi/6.4 km wide), Iran, in the Persian Gulf off central S Iran. Kish has been developed as a tourist resort; there also is fishing, a pearl trade, and agr...

(Encyclopedia) Porbandar pōrˈbəndər [key], town (1991 pop. 116,546), Gujurat state, W central India, on the Arabian Sea. Porbandar trades with Persian Gulf and East African ports, has airline service and major h...

(Encyclopedia) Fars färsĭstänˈ [key], province, c.51,500 sq mi (133,400 sq km), SW Iran. Shiraz is the capital and chief city, ...

(Encyclopedia) Rice, Condoleezza, 1954–, U.S. government official and educator, b. Birmingham, Ala. A political scientist who has specialized in Russian and E European studies, Rice has been a professor at Stanfor...

(Encyclopedia) Iran-Iraq War, 1980–88, protracted military conflict between Iran and Iraq. It officially began on Sept. 22, 1980, with an Iraqi land and air invasion of western Iran, although Iraqi spokespersons m...

(Encyclopedia) Arab-Israeli Wars, conflicts in 1948–49, 1956, 1967, 1973–74, and 1982 between Israel and the Arab states. Tensions between Israel and the Arabs have been complicated and heightened by the politic...