Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Chicoutimi shĭko͞oˈtĭmēˌ [key], city, S Que., Canada, at the confluence of the Chicoutimi and ...

(Encyclopedia) Champ-de-Mars shäN-də-märs [key], former parade ground of Paris, France, between the École militaire and the Seine River. There, at the Fête de la Fédération (July 14, 1790), Louis XVI took an ...

(Encyclopedia) Duruy, Victor vēktôrˈ dürüēˈ [key], 1811–94, French historian. He was a professor at Reims and Paris, and as minister of public instruction (1863–69) under Napoleon III he encouraged the ad...

(Encyclopedia) Braudel, Fernand, 1902–85, French historian. He studied under Lucien Febvre and was a founder of the Annales school of historiography. As a German prisoner-of-war during World War II, he wrote his m...

(Encyclopedia) garden city, an ideal, self-contained community of predetermined area and population surrounded by a greenbelt. As formulated by Sir Ebenezer Howard, the garden city was intended to bring together the...

(Encyclopedia) Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude Nessim, 1933–, French physicist, b. Algeria, Ph.D. École Normale Supérieure, Paris, 1962. He has continued his research at the École Normale Supérieure, and was a profess...

(Encyclopedia) Oaxaca, city (1990 pop. 212,818), capital of Oaxaca state, S Mexico. The city is officially called Oaxaca de Juárez. Situated in a valley encircled by low mountains, Oaxaca is a commercial and touris...

(Encyclopedia) Cairo kīˈrō [key], Arab. Al Qahirah, city (2021 est. metro. area pop. 21,323,000), capital...

(Encyclopedia) Louis XI, 1423–83, king of France (1461–83), son and successor of Charles VII. A born diplomat, Louis skillfully checked his foreign and domestic enemies and set up an efficient central administ...

(Encyclopedia) Hamburg hämˈbo͝orkh [key], officially Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg (Free and Hanseatic Cit...