Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Council of Europe, international organization founded in 1949 to promote greater unity within Europe and to safeguard its political and cultural heritage by promoting human rights and democracy. The c...

(Encyclopedia) Saban, Nick (Nicholas Lou Saban, Jr.) sāˈbən [key], 1951–, American football coach, b. Fairmont, W.Va., grad. Kent State Univ., 1973. After playing defensive back in football in college, he held ...

(Encyclopedia) Alexander (Alexander Karadjordjević) kărəjôrˈjəvĭch [key], 1806–85, prince of Serbia (1842–58), son of Karageorge (Karadjordje). He was elected to succeed the deposed Michael of Serbia. Wea...

(Encyclopedia) Norilsk nərēlskˈ [key], city (1989 pop. 175,000), Krasnoyarsk Territory, N Siberian Russia. The northernmost major city of Russia and the world's second largest city (after Murmansk) above the Arct...

(Encyclopedia) Orrery, Roger Boyle, 1st earl of, 1621–79, Irish statesman and writer; son of Richard Boyle, 1st earl of Cork. Created (1627) Baron Broghill, he studied at Trinity College, Dublin, traveled abroad, ...

(Encyclopedia) Pembroke, William Marshal, 1st earl of, d. 1219, English nobleman. He became (1170) a guardian of Prince Henry, eldest son of Henry II, and supported him in his abortive rebellion (1173–74) against ...

(Encyclopedia) Hertford, William Seymour, 1st marquess and 2d earl of härˈfərd, härtˈ– [key], 1588–1660, English nobleman; great-grandson of Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset, and grandson of Lady Catherine ...

(Encyclopedia) Conway of Allington, William Martin Conway, 1st Baron, 1856–1937, English explorer, art historian, and writer. Conway filled several university positions and in 1918–31 represented the combined En...

(Encyclopedia)  CE5 Napoleonic Europe (1812) Napoleon I nəpōˈlēən, Fr. näpôlāōNˈ [key], 1769–1821, emperor of the French, b. Ajaccio, Corsica, known as “the Little Corporal.” The Napoleonic...

(Encyclopedia) Alfonso XIII, 1886–1941, king of Spain (1886–1931), posthumous son and successor of Alfonso XII. His mother, Maria Christina (1858–1929), was regent until 1902. In 1906, Alfonso married Princess...