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Åland Islands

(Encyclopedia) Åland Islands ōˈläntsûˈu̇rnä [key], archipelago, 581 sq mi (1,505 sq km), in the Baltic Sea between Sweden and Finland, at the entrance of the Gulf of Bothnia. Pol...

Ormonde, James Butler, 2d duke of

(Encyclopedia) Ormonde, James Butler, 2d duke of, 1665–1745, Irish soldier. He was the son of Thomas Butler, earl of Ossory, and grandson of the Ist duke, whom he succeeded in 1688. A staunch Tory and popular mili...

John XXI, pope

(Encyclopedia) John XXI, d. 1277, pope (1276–77), a Portuguese named Pedro Giuliano; successor of Adrian V. Known generally as Peter of Spain (Petrus Hispanus), he is the only Portuguese pope. Peter's reputation a...

Throckmorton, Francis

(Encyclopedia) Throckmorton or Throgmorton, Francis, 1554–84, English conspirator; nephew of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton. A Roman Catholic, he began (1580) a tour of Europe, spent largely in discussing cooperative m...

Eichholtz, Jacob

(Encyclopedia) Eichholtz, Jacob īkhˈhôlts [key], 1776–1842, American portrait painter, b. Lancaster, Pa.; pupil of Gilbert Stuart in Boston but mainly self-taught. He painted portraits of some of the most promi...

Russian art and architecture

(Encyclopedia) Russian art and architecture, the artistic and architectural production of the geographical area of Russia. Around the turn of the century Mir Iskusstva (World of Art Group) was initiated, a movemen...

Macip, Vicente Juan

(Encyclopedia) Macip or Masip, Vicente Juan vēthānˈtā hwän mäthēpˈ, mäsēpˈ [key], c.1523–1579, Spanish religious painter of the Valencian school, known as Juan de Juanes and Vicente Joanes. One of the S...

Copenhagen, battle of

(Encyclopedia) Copenhagen, battle of, 1801, an important incident of the French Revolutionary Wars. In Dec., 1800, Denmark joined Russia, Sweden, and Prussia in declaring the armed neutrality of the northern powers ...

Fairfax of Cameron, Thomas Fairfax, 3d Baron

(Encyclopedia) Fairfax of Cameron, Thomas Fairfax, 3d Baron, 1612–71, English general. He was the son of Ferdinando Fairfax, 2d Baron Fairfax of Cameron (1584–1648), whose title he inherited and under whom he fo...
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