Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Decembrists dĭsĕmˈbrĭsts [key], in Russian history, members of secret revolutionary societies whose activities led to the uprising of Dec., 1825, against Czar Nicholas I. Formed after the Napoleon...

(Encyclopedia) Latin American Integration Association (LAIA), organization formed in 1980 by Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela, taking over the duti...

(Encyclopedia) New York, New Haven, and Hartford RR, commonly called the New Haven RR; inc. 1872. Between 1872 and 1920, when dozens of small railroads were completed under the direction of financier John P. Morgan ...

(Encyclopedia) Kreuger, Ivar ēˈvär kro͞oˈgər [key], 1880–1932, Swedish financier. After studying engineering in Stockholm and engaging in construction enterprises in the United States, he returned to Sweden ...

(Encyclopedia) Goschen, George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount gōˈshən [key], 1831–1907, British statesman. A leading financier, he was elected (1863) to Parliament as a Liberal and was first lord of the admiralt...

(Encyclopedia) Organization of American States (OAS), international organization, created Apr. 30, 1948, at Bogotá, Colombia, by agreement of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican R...

(Encyclopedia) Sherman, James Schoolcraft, 1855–1912, Vice President of the United States (1909–12), b. near Utica, N.Y. A lawyer, he was (1884–85) mayor of Utica. Sherman served (1887–91, 1893–1909) as a ...

(Encyclopedia) Danilo II (Danilo Petrović-Njegoš), 1826–60, prince of Montenegro (1851–60). He secularized (1852) his principality (chiefly in order to be able to marry) and transferred his ecclesiastic functi...

(Encyclopedia) Pogodin, Mikhail Petrovich mēkhəyēlˈ pētrôˈvĭch pəgôˈdyĭn [key], 1800–1875, Russian historian and publisher. His conservative journal The Muscovite (1841–56) defended the policies of N...

(Encyclopedia) Anastasia (Anastasia Nikolayevna) ănəstāˈshə nyĭkəlīˈəfnă [key], 1901–18, youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II, last of the Russian czars. She was killed with the rest of her immediate f...