Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Krupskaya, Nadezhda Konstantinovna nŭdyĕˈzhdə kənstŭntyēˈnəvnə kro͞opˈskəyə [key], 1869–1939, Russian revolutionary and educator, wife of Lenin. Krupskaya was a Marxist agitator for 25...

(Encyclopedia) feminism, movement for the political, social, and educational equality of women with men; the movement has occurred mainly in Europe and the United States. It has its roots in the humanism of the 18th...

(Encyclopedia) New York School of Social Work: see Columbia Univ. ...

(Encyclopedia) McGuinness, Martin (James Martin Pacelli McGuinness), 1950–2017, Northern Irish political leader, b. Derry. He joined the Irish Republican Army (IRA) as a young man and was active in both its regula...

(Encyclopedia) metamorphism, in geology, process of change in the structure, texture, or composition of rocks caused by agents of heat, deforming pressure, shearing stress, hot, chemically active fluids, or a combin...

(Encyclopedia) Yamagata, Aritomo ärēˈtōmō yämäˈgätä [key], 1838–1922, Japanese soldier and statesman, chief founder of the modern Japanese army. A samurai of Choshu, he took part in the Meiji restoration...

(Encyclopedia) kindergarten [Ger.,=garden of children], system of preschool education. Friedrich Froebel designed (1837) the kindergarten to provide an educational situation less formal than that of the elementary s...

(Encyclopedia) Sturm, Johannes yōhäˈnəs shto͝orm [key], 1507–89, German scholar and educator. He founded (1537) and directed for more than 40 years the Strasbourg Gymnasium. His system of graded readings and ...

(Encyclopedia) Carle, Eric, 1929–2021, American children's book author and illustrator, b. Syracuse, N.Y. Although born in the U.S., Carle was raised in Stuttgart, G...

(Encyclopedia) Conant, James Bryant kōˈnənt [key], 1893–1978, American educator, chemist, and diplomat, b. Dorchester, Mass., grad. Harvard (B.A., 1913; Ph.D., 1916). Except for a brief period in the army (1917...