Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Helsinki hĕlˈsĭngkē [key], Swed. Helsingfors, city (2020 pop. 653,835), capital of Finlan...

(Encyclopedia) land art or earthworks, art form developed in the late 1960s and early 70s by Robert Smithson, Robert Morris, Michael Heizer, and others, in which the artist employs the elements of nature in situ or ...

(Encyclopedia) Southport, city (1991 pop. 88,596), Sefton metropolitan district, NW England, in the Greater Liverpool metropolitan area. A seaside resort with light industries, it is home to the Atkinson Art Gallery...

(Encyclopedia) performance art, multimedia art form originating in the 1970s in which performance is the dominant mode of expression. Perfomance art may incorporate such elements as instrumental or electronic music,...

(Encyclopedia) Pontormo, Jacopo da yäˈkōpō dä pōntôrˈmō [key], 1494–1556, Florentine painter, one of the creators of mannerism. His real name was Jacopo Carrucci. He studied with Andrea del Sarto, Leonard...

(Encyclopedia) contemporary art, the art of the late 20th cent. and early 21st cent., both an outgrowth and a rejection of modern art. As the force and vigor of abstract expressionism diminished, new artistic moveme...

(Encyclopedia) op art ŏp [key], movement that became prominent in the United States and Europe in the mid-1960s. Deriving from abstract expressionism, op art includes paintings concerned with surface kinetics. Colo...

(Encyclopedia) Ottonian art ŏtōˈnēən [key], art produced (c.900–1050) in the East Frankish kingdom of Germany known, after the emperors Otto (936–1002), as the Ottonian kingdom. Influenced by Byzantine and ...

(Encyclopedia) Celtic art kĕlˈtĭk, sĕlˈ– [key]. The earliest clearly Celtic style in art was developed in S Germany and E France by tribal artisans of the mid- to late 5th cent. b.c. With the dispersal of Cel...