Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Stuart or Stewart, Esmé, 1st duke of Lennox ĕzˈmē [key], 1542?–1583, Scottish nobleman; cousin to James VI of Scotland (later James I of England). Born and reared in France, he succeeded his fat...

(Encyclopedia) Sully, Maurice de mōrēsˈ də sülēˈ [key], c.1100–1196, French bishop. After studying theology in Paris he was named (1160) bishop of that city. While serving in this position he instigated the...

(Encyclopedia) Santa Cruz, Álvaro de Bazán, marqués de älˈvärō ᵺā bäthänˈ märkāsˈ dā sänˈtä kro͞oth [key], 1526–88, Spanish admiral. He fought in various actions against the Ottomans and disti...

(Encyclopedia) Anne de Beaujeu də bōzhöˈ [key], c.1460–1522, regent of France, daughter of the French King Louis XI. With her husband, Pierre de Beaujeu, duc de Bourbon, she acted as regent for her brother, Ch...

(Encyclopedia) chansons de geste shäNsôNˈ də zhĕst [key] [Fr.,=songs of deeds], a group of epic poems of medieval France written from the 11th through the 13th cent. Varying in length from 1,000 to 20,000 lines...

(Encyclopedia) Bourmont, Louis Auguste, comte de Ghaisnes de lwē ôgüstˈ kôNt də gân də bo͞ormôNˈ [key], 1773–1846, marshal of France. An émigré, he fought against the French Revolution under the princ...

(Encyclopedia) Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de pyĕr də rēgōˈ märkēˈ də vōdröˈyə-kävänyälˈ [key], 1698–1765, last French governor of New France, b. Quebec. He was the son of Philip...

(Encyclopedia) Chabannes, Antoine de, comte de Dammartin äNtwänˈ də shäbänˈ kôNt də dämmärtăNˈ [key], 1408?–1488, French soldier in the Hundred Years War. He served with Joan of Arc, distinguishing hi...

(Encyclopedia) Aneto, Pico de pēˈkō dā änāˈtō [key], Fr. Pic de Néthou or Pic d'Anethou, peak, 11,168 ft (3,404 m) high, NE Spain, in the Maladetta group near the French border. It is the highest peak of th...

(Encyclopedia) Liniers, Jacques de, Span. Santiago de Liniers y de Bremond säntēäˈgō ᵺā lēnēārsˈ ē ᵺā brāmōndˈ [key], 1753–1810, French officer in Spanish service, viceroy of Río de la Plata. A...