Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Humbert I, 1844–1900, king of Italy (1878–1900), son and successor of Victor Emmanuel II. A soldier by training, Humbert showed interest primarily in military affairs and foreign policy, and early...

(Encyclopedia) Bonhoeffer, Dietrich dēˈtrĭkh bônˈhöfər [key], 1906–45, German Protestant theologian. Bonhoeffer, influenced early by the thinking of the young Karl Barth, urged a conformation to the form of...

(Encyclopedia) Habermas, Jürgen yûrˈgən häˈbûrmäs [key], 1929–, German philosopher. He is a professor at the Univ. of Frankfurt (emeritus since 1994) and is the best-known contemporary proponent of critica...

(Encyclopedia) Savoy, house of, dynasty of Western Europe that ruled Savoy and Piedmont from the 11th cent., the kingdom of Sicily from 1714 to 1718, the kingdom of Sardinia from 1720 to 1861, and the kingdom of Ita...

(Encyclopedia) Arnaud, Henri äNrēˈ ärnōˈ [key], 1641–1721, pastor and leader of the Waldenses. When Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy, in league with the French, set out to expel the Waldenses, Arnaud led (16...

(Encyclopedia) Isthmian games ĭsˈmēən [key], athletic events organized c.581 b.c. They were held at Corinth in the spring of the first and third years of the Olympiad, and they honored Palaemon as well as Poseid...

(Encyclopedia) Francis II, 1836–94, last king of the Two Sicilies (1859–61), son and successor of Ferdinand II. A weak ruler, he let his ministers follow his father's reactionary policy. Faced with the growing m...

(Encyclopedia) Villafranca di Verona vēlˌläfrängˈkä dē vārôˈnä [key], town (1991 pop. 27,036), Venetia, NE Italy. In 1859, Napoleon III and Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria met there after the Austrian d...

(Encyclopedia) Carouge käro͞ozhˈ [key], city, Geneva canton, SW Switzerland, on the Arve River. It is an ...

(Encyclopedia) Eupompus yo͞opŏmˈpəs [key], fl. 4th cent. b.c., Greek painter, founder of the Sicyonic school. The only one of his works of which there is record is A Victor in the Olympic Games. ...