Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) martin: see swallow.

(Encyclopedia) John I, 1350–95, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1387–95), son and successor of Peter IV. During his reign Aragón lost (1388) the duchy of Athens. An enthusiastic patron of learning and a...

(Encyclopedia) Lucas, Robert Emerson, Jr., 1937–2023, American economist, b. Yakima, Wash., Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1964. Lucas taught at Carnegie Mellon Univ. (1963...

(Encyclopedia) Jones, Robert Tyre, Jr. (Bobby Jones), 1902–71, American golfer, b. Atlanta, Ga. A lawyer, he became a golf devotee. Jones won the National Open (1923, 1926, 1929–30), the National Amateur (1924�...

(Encyclopedia) Wilson, Robert Butler, Jr., 1973–, American economist, b. Geneva, Nebr., D.B.A. Harvard, 1963. A faculty member at the Stanford Graduate School of Business since 1964 (emeritus from 2004), he is a s...

(Encyclopedia) Mayweather, Floyd, Jr., 1977–, American boxer, b. Grand Rapids, Mich., as Floyd Joy Sinclair. He began boxing at an early age, coached by his father, a welterweight boxer whose name he subsequently ...

(Encyclopedia) Martin IV, d. 1285, pope (1281–85), a Frenchman named Simon de Brie; successor of Nicholas III. He was chancellor under Louis IX of France and was created cardinal by Urban IV. He was thus a support...

(Encyclopedia) Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, case decided in 1816 by the U.S. Supreme Court. From 1779 to 1785, Virginia passed a series of laws by which the state confiscated all lands owned by foreigners. David Hunte...

(Encyclopedia) Ferdinand I, 1379?–1416, king of Aragón and Sicily and count of Barcelona (1412–16), second son of John I of Castile; nephew and successor of Martin of Aragón. In 1406, Ferdinand became regent o...

(Encyclopedia) McClellan, George Brinton, Jr., 1865–1940, American politician and educator, b. Dresden, Saxony, Germany; son of Gen. George B. McClellan. He studied law and joined (1889) Tammany Hall, becoming one...