Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) communistic settlements, communities practicing common ownership of goods. Communistic settlements were known in ancient and medieval times, but the flowering of such groups occurred in the 19th cent....

(Encyclopedia) Kalidasa käˌlĭdäˈsə [key], fl. 5th cent.?, Indian dramatist and poet. He is regarded as the greatest figure in classical Sanskrit literature. Except that he was retained by the Gupta court, no f...

(Encyclopedia) herbal, early botanical book containing descriptions and illustrations of herbs and plants with their properties, chiefly those qualities that made them useful as medicines or condiments. Most of the ...

(Encyclopedia) Colter, John kōlˈtər [key], c.1775–1813, American trapper and guide, b. Virginia. In 1803 he enlisted in the Lewis and Clark expedition and in 1806, on the return trip, was granted a discharge to...

(Encyclopedia) Kingsley, Charles, 1819–75, English author and clergyman. Ordained in 1842, he became vicar of Eversley in Hampshire in 1844. From 1848 to 1852 he published tracts advocating Christian socialism. Th...

(Encyclopedia) Walsh, Bill (William Ernest Walsh), 1931–2007, American football coach, b. Los Angeles. He played football at San Jose State Univ. (B.A. 1955, M.A. 1959) and went into coaching, becoming an assistan...

(Encyclopedia) Elmira ĕlmīˈrə [key], city (2020 pop. 26,523), seat of Chemung co., extreme S central N.Y...

(Encyclopedia) assignats ăsˈĭgnăts, äsēnyäˈ [key], paper currency issued during the French Revolution. To redeem the huge public debt and to counterbalance the growing deficit, the revolutionary constituent ...

(Encyclopedia) Barth, John bärth [key], 1930–, American writer, b. Cambridge, Md. He attended Johns Hopkins (B.A. 1951, M.A. 1952), and, beginning in 1973, taught writing at its graduate school for nearly 20 year...

(Encyclopedia) Dunkirk dŭnˈkûrk [key], Fr. Dunkerque, town, Nord dept., N France, on the North Sea. It is...