Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) McMaster, John Bach, 1852–1932, American historian, b. Brooklyn, N.Y. Having practiced engineering in New York City and written two books, McMaster was appointed (1877) an instructor in civil engine...

(Encyclopedia) Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang yōˈhän vôlfˈgäng döˈbərīnər [key], 1780–1849, German chemist. From 1810 he was professor of the Univ. of Jena. He is known especially for his discovery of sim...

(Encyclopedia) Jongkind, Johann Barthold yōhänˈ bärˈtôlt yôngˈkĭnt [key], 1819–91, Dutch landscape painter and etcher. He studied in Paris with Isabey. Jongkind's work was a transition between the Barbizo...

(Encyclopedia) Hebel, Johann Peter yōˈhän pāˈtər hāˈbəl [key], 1760–1826, German short-story writer and dialect poet. Editor of Der rheinländische Hausfreund [Rhineland home companion] from 1801 to 1811,...

(Encyclopedia) Bengel, Johann Albrecht yōˈhän älˈbrĕkht bĕngˈəl [key], 1687–1752, German Lutheran theologian and biblical scholar. He was appointed (1713) professor in charge of a theological training sch...

(Encyclopedia) Galle, Johann Gottfried yōˈhän gôtˈfrēt gäˈlə [key], 1812–1910, German astronomer. He is noted for his discovery of the planet Neptune, Sept. 23, 1846, by following the guidance of calculat...

(Encyclopedia) Droysen, Johann Gustav yōhänˈ go͝osˈtäf droiˈzən [key], 1808–84, German historian. A member of the Frankfurt Parliament, he was a leading proponent of German unification under the leadership...

(Encyclopedia) Forster, Johann Reinhold, 1729–98, German naturalist and teacher. His Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1772–73) on zoology, ornithology, and ichthyology established him as one of t...

(Encyclopedia) Mayer, Johann Tobias yōˈhän tōbēˈäs mīˈər [key], 1723–62, German mathematician and astronomer. In 1751 he became professor of economics and mathematics at the Univ. of Göttingen, and in 1...

(Encyclopedia) Most, Johann Joseph mōst [key], 1846–1906, German anarchist. A bookbinder by trade, he served as editor of socialist papers in Germany and Austria. His publications were suppressed, and he was freq...