Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) absolute music, term used for music dependent on its structure alone for comprehension. It is the antithesis of program music. It is not associated with extramusical ideas or with a pictorial or narra...

(Encyclopedia) Newman, Ernest, 1868–1959, English music critic. He joined the staff of the Manchester Guardian in 1905, the Birmingham Daily Post in 1906, the London Observer in 1919, and The Times of London in 19...

(Encyclopedia) Pomeranus: see Bugenhagen, Johann. ...

(Encyclopedia) Schöffer, Peter: see Fust, Johann.

(Encyclopedia) Dolci, Carlo or Carlino kärˈlō, kärlēˈnō dōlˈchē [key], 1616–86, Florentine painter. Among his best-known paintings are the heads and half-figures of Jesus and the Mater Dolorosa, in which...

(Encyclopedia) bolero bəlârˈō [key], national dance of Spain, introduced c.1780 by Sebastian Zerezo, or Cerezo. Of Moroccan origin, it resembles the fandango. It is in 2–4 or 3–4 time for solo or duo dancing...

(Encyclopedia) Paul, Jean: see Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich. ...

(Encyclopedia) Mendel, David: see Neander, Johann August Wilhelm. ...

(Encyclopedia) Jean Paul: see Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich. ...

(Encyclopedia) German Catholics, religious groups founded in 1844 by dissidents from the Roman Catholic Church. They were led by two excommunicated priests, Johann Czerski of Schneidemühl, Posen, and Johann Ronge o...