Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Soult, Nicolas Jean de Dieu nēkôläˈ zhäN də dyö so͞olt [key], 1769–1851, marshal of France. Having won distinction in the Napoleonic Wars, especially at the battle of Austerlitz, he was crea...

(Encyclopedia) Dunois, Jean, comte de zhäN kôNt də dünwäˈ [key], c.1403–1468, French general, called the Bastard of Orléans; natural son of Louis, duc d'Orléans. He joined the Armagnacs in the civil war du...

(Encyclopedia) Machault d'Arnouville, Jean Baptiste de zhäN bätēstˈ də mäshōˈ därno͞ovēlˈ [key], 1701–94, French statesman. He held a succession of government offices and was (1743–45) intendant of V...

(Encyclopedia) Mabillon, Jean zhäN mäbēyôNˈ [key], 1623–1707, French scholar, a Benedictine monk. His De re diplomatica (1681; with a supplementary volume, 1704) was the first attempt to develop a critical me...

(Encyclopedia) Guise, Jean d'Orléans, duc de: see Orléans, family. ...

(Encyclopedia) Brunhes, Jean brün [key], 1869–1932, French geographer. He was a leading exponent of French systematic, as opposed to regional, geography. He studied human artifacts in the context of environment. ...

(Encyclopedia) Daurat or Dorat, Jean both: zhäN dōräˈ [key], 1508?–1588, French classical scholar. He taught (1546–56) at the Collège de Coqueret at Paris. Among his pupils were the poets Ronsard, Du Bellay...

(Encyclopedia) Cousin, Jean zhäN ko͞ozăNˈ [key], c.1490–c.1560, celebrated French painter, designer, and sculptor. To him have been attributed the designs for the windows of various churches of Sens and Paris ...

(Encyclopedia) Giono, Jean zhäN jônōˈ [key], 1895–1970, French novelist, b. Provence. His semiautobiographical novel, Jean le bleu (1932, tr. Blue Boy, 1946) concerns his childhood. His pastoral trilogy—Coll...

(Encyclopedia) Ingelow, Jean ĭnˈjəlō [key], 1820–97, English author. Her poems are characterized by religious introspection and an intimate knowledge of nature. Among her best-known poems are “High Tide on t...