Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Grandville: see Gérard, Jean Ignace Isidore. ...

(Encyclopedia) Saint Johns, Que., Canada: see St. Jean. ...

(Encyclopedia) L'Olonnois, François: see Nau, Jacques Jean David. ...

(Encyclopedia) Moreau, Louis Gabriel: see Moreau, Jean-Michel. ...

(Encyclopedia) Saint-Cyran, Abbé de: see Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean. ...

(Encyclopedia) Gondi, Paul de: see Retz, Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de. ...

(Encyclopedia) Chouans sho͞oˈənz, Fr. shwäN [key] [Norman Fr.,=owls], peasants of W France who rose against the French Revolutionary government in 1793. One of their first leaders was Jean Cottereau, traditional...

(Encyclopedia) Beyazid, 1612–1638?, Ottoman prince; brother of Sultan Murad IV. Considering Beyazid a dangerous rival, Murad ordered his execution. Beyazid's death is treated in Jean Racine's tragedy, Bajazet (167...

(Encyclopedia) Masereel, Frans fräns mäsārālˈ [key], 1889–1972, Belgian painter and illustrator. Essentially self-taught, Masereel is famous for his many series of satiric, expressionist woodcuts. He illustra...

(Encyclopedia) French literature, writings in medieval French dialects and standard modern French. Writings in Provençal and Breton are considered separately, as are works in French produced abroad (as at Canadian ...