Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus däˈnēĕl nēˈkōlous khôdôvyĕtsˈkē [key], 1726–1801, German painter and engraver, b. Danzig. He was the most popular illustrator of his day in Prussia. The Depa...

(Encyclopedia) Hepworth, Dame Barbara, 1903–75, English sculptor. Hepworth's smooth, usually nonfigurative sculptures recall those of Jean Arp. Working in Cornwall, she consistently sought perfection of form and s...

(Encyclopedia) Slezak, Leo slāˈzäk [key], 1873–1946, Czech tenor, pupil of Jean de Reszke. After his debut as Lohengrin at Brno in 1896, he sang in Vienna, Berlin, and later at the Metropolitan Opera, New York ...

(Encyclopedia)  CE5 Grille grille, in architecture, a system of bars, usually of decorative metalwork, forming an openwork barrier or enclosure. In its usual materials of wrought iron or bronze, it has been favor...

(Encyclopedia) acquired characteristics, modifications produced in an individual plant or animal as a result of mutilation, disease, use and disuse, or any distinctly environmental influence. Some examples are docki...

(Encyclopedia) eau de Cologne ō də kəlōnˈ [key], dilute perfume [commonly called cologne in English] introduced c.1709 in Cologne, Germany, by Jean Marie Farina. It was probably a modification of a popular form...

(Encyclopedia) Bauhin, Gaspard gäspärˈ bōăNˈ [key], 1560–1624, Swiss botanist and doctor of medicine, of French descent. His early classification of plants by genus and species in his chief work, the Pinax t...

(Encyclopedia) Bettel, Xavier, 1973–, Luxembourg political leader. A lawyer, he entered politics in 1999 as a member of both Luxembourg City's communal council and the Chamber of Deputies. In 2011 he was elected m...

(Encyclopedia) Geffrard, Nicholas Fabre nēkôläˈ fäˈbrə zhĕfrärˈ [key], 1806–79, president of Haiti (1859–67). He took part (1843) in the revolt against Jean Pierre Boyer and led the insurrection that o...

(Encyclopedia) Hämeenlinna hăˈmānlĭnˌnä [key], Swed. Tavastehus, city, capital of Southern Finland pr...