Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Beaton or Bethune, David both: bēˈtən [key], 1494–1546, Scottish churchman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was made cardinal in 1538 and succeeded his uncle, James Beaton, as archbisho...

(Encyclopedia) Louis I, 1786–1868, king of Bavaria (1825–48), son and successor of King Maximilian I. He was chiefly responsible for transforming Munich into one of the handsomest capitals of Europe and for maki...

(Encyclopedia) Restoration, in English history, the reestablishment of the monarchy on the accession (1660) of Charles II after the collapse of the Commonwealth (see under commonwealth) and the Protectorate. The ter...

(Encyclopedia) Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 1st duke of ärgīlˈ [key], d. 1703, Scottish nobleman; eldest son of the 9th earl of Argyll. Having unsuccessfully sought favor with James II in order to recover the esta...

(Encyclopedia) Amenhotep II ăˌmĕnōˈfĭs [key], d. c.1420 b.c., king of ancient Egypt, of the XVIII dynasty; son and successor of Thutmose III. Amenhotep II succeeded (1448 b.c.) as coregent and later ruled alon...

(Encyclopedia) Mill, James, 1773–1836, British philosopher, economist, and historian, b. Scotland; father of John Stuart Mill. Educated as a clergyman at Edinburgh through the patronage of Sir John Stuart, Mill ga...

(Encyclopedia) Ardashir II, king of Persia (379–83), of the Sassanid, or Sassanian, dynasty. A provincial governor under Shapur II, he succeeded to the throne. He earned popularity by remitting taxes, but his rule...

(Encyclopedia) Aughrim or Aghrim ôgˈrĭm, ôkh– [key], village, Co. Galway, W central Republic of Ireland. It was the scene of a battle (July 12, 1691) in which the forces of William III of Great Britain won a d...

(Encyclopedia) Adams, James Truslow trŭˈslō [key], 1878–1949, American historian, b. Brooklyn, N.Y. The Founding of New England (1921), which brought him the Pulitzer Prize in history for 1922, was followed by ...

(Encyclopedia) Seleucus II (Seleucus Callinicus), d. 226 b.c., king of ancient Syria (247–226 b.c.), son of Antiochus II. On his father's death there was a struggle for the throne between Seleucus and his stepmoth...