Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Paine, Robert Treat, 3d, 1933–2016, American ecologist, b. Cambridge, Mass., Ph.D. Univ. of Michigan, 1961. He was on the faculty of the Univ. of Washington from 1962 to 1998. Paine's major contribu...

(Encyclopedia) drainage, in agriculture, the removal of excess water from the soil, either by a system of surface ditches, or by underground conduits if required by soil conditions and land contour. Diesel or centri...

(Encyclopedia) Sagasti Hochausler, Francisco Rafael, 1944–, Peruvian political leader. An industrial engineer by training, he has served as an adviser to Peruvian governments and as a government official, and has ...

(Encyclopedia) Johnson, Guy, c.1740–1788, Loyalist leader in colonial New York, b. Ireland. He emigrated to America as a boy and married (1763) a daughter of Sir William Johnson, whom he succeeded as superintenden...

(Encyclopedia) Krishna Menon, Vengalil Krishnan vĕngäˈlēl krĭshˈnən krĭshˈnə mĕnˈĭn [key], 1897–1974, Indian diplomat. He was educated at the Presidency College and the Law College of Madras (now Chen...

(Encyclopedia) employment bureau, a government-run establishment for bringing together the employer offering work and the employee seeking it. As a not-for-profit service, employment bureaus operate differently from...

(Encyclopedia) Hatch, William Henry, 1833–96, U.S. Congressman (1879–95), b. Scott co., Ky. He was admitted (1854) to the bar and moved to Hannibal, Mo. He became prominent in Democratic politics in Missouri and...

(Encyclopedia) Legal Tender cases, lawsuits brought to the U.S. Supreme Court involving the constitutionality of the Legal Tender Act of 1862, which was passed to meet currency needs during the Civil War. The act ha...

(Encyclopedia) Narayan, Jaya Prakash, 1902–79. Indian political leader. He was a founder (1934) of the Congress Socialist party and later (1952) the Indian Socialist party. He was an opponent of Indira Gandhi and ...

(Encyclopedia) Maga, Hubert (Hubert Coutoucou Maga) übârˈ mäˈgä [key], 1916–2000, political leader in Dahomey (now Benin). A teacher, he became active in politics and was (1951–58) a representative in the ...