Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Scottsboro Case. In 1931 nine black youths were indicted at Scottsboro, Ala., on charges of having raped two white women in a freight car passing through Alabama. In a series of trials the youths were...

(Encyclopedia) George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert), 1865–1936, king of Great Britain and Ireland (1910–36), second son and successor of Edward VII. At the age of 12 he commenced a naval career, but this en...

(Encyclopedia) Lowry, L. S. (Laurence Stephen Lowry), 1887–1976, English painter and printmaker, b. Manchester, studied Municipal College of Art (later Manchester Metropolitan Univ.). He is especially known for re...

(Encyclopedia) Arbus, Diane ärˈbəs [key], 1923–71, American photographer, b. New York City. For nearly 20 years Arbus operated a successful fashion photography studio with her husband, Allan Arbus. She studied ...

(Encyclopedia) National Symphony Orchestra (NSO), Washington, D.C., founded in 1931 by Hans Kindler, who conducted the orchestra until 1949. Its first home was Constitution Hall; since 1986 it has been affiliated wi...

(Encyclopedia) Allison, James Patrick, 1948–, American immunologist, b. Alice, Tex., Ph.D. Univ. of Texas, Austin, 1973. Allison was a researcher at the Univ. of Texas System Cancer Center in Houston from 1977 to ...

(Encyclopedia) Blobel, Günter günˈtər blōˈbəl [key], 1936–2018, German cell and molecular biologist, M.D. Univ. of Tübingen, 1960, Ph.D. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, 1967. Blobel was on the faculty at the ...

(Encyclopedia) Carmichael, Stokely, 1941–98, African-American social activist, b. Trinidad. He lived in New York City from 1952 and graduated from Howard Univ. in 1964. Carmichael participated in the Congress of R...

(Encyclopedia) Somerset, Robert Carr, earl of, 1587?–1645, Scottish favorite of James I of England. His family name also appears as Ker. He may have accompanied James to England as a page in 1603, but he appears t...

(Encyclopedia) Wright, Henry, 1878–1936, American landscape architect and community planner, b. Lawrence, Kans., studied architecture at the Univ. of Pennsylvania. He was widely recognized as a leader in the movem...