Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Müller, Paul Hermann mŭlˈər [key], 1899–1965, Swiss chemist, Ph.D. Univ. of Basel, 1925. He worked as a research scientist with J. R. Geigy A.G. in Basel, Switzerland. Muller won the 1948 Nobel...

(Encyclopedia) Besnard, Paul Albert pôl älbĕrˈ bānärˈ [key], 1849–1934, French painter, studied with Legros and Cabanel and in Italy. He enjoyed many official honors and was the last important academic pain...

(Encyclopedia) Kagame, Paul kägäˈmə [key], 1957–, Rwandan political leader. Kagame was born into a Tutsi family that fled (1960) ethnic violence in Rwanda. Raised in Uganda, he became a member of Yoweri Museve...

(Encyclopedia) Auster, Paul ôˈstər [key], 1947–, American writer, b. Newark, N.J. After publishing four volumes of poetry, he wrote his first novel, Squeeze Play (1982). A compelling storyteller, Auster became ...

(Encyclopedia) Bowles, Paul, 1910–99, American writer and composer, b. New York City. He studied in Paris with Virgil Thomson and Aaron Copland and composed (1930s–40s) a number of modernist operas, ballets, son...

(Encyclopedia) Krauskopf, Joseph krousˈkŏpf [key], 1858–1923, American rabbi and humanitarian, b. Prussia. He went to the United States in 1872, enrolling (1875) in the first class of the Hebrew Union College, C...

(Encyclopedia) Gwilt, Joseph gwĭlt [key], 1784–1863, British architect, archaeologist, and writer, known chiefly for his Encyclopaedia of Architecture, Historical, Theoretical, and Practical (8 vol., 1842). Among...

(Encyclopedia) Chabas, Paul Émile pōl āmēlˈ shäbäsˈ [key], 1869–1937, French academic painter. He is remembered chiefly for his nude, September Morn, which created a sensation when it was exhibited in 1912...

(Encyclopedia) Francis Joseph or Franz Joseph, 1830–1916, emperor of Austria (1848–1916), king of Hungary (1867–1916), nephew of Ferdinand, who abdicated in his favor. His long reign began in the stormy days o...

(Encyclopedia) Losey, Joseph lōˈzē [key], 1909–84, American film director, b. La Crosse, Wis. Among his Hollywood works, many of which dealt with social issues, are The Boy With Green Hair (1948) and M (1951). ...