Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Brazza, Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de pyĕr pōl fräNswäˈ kämēˈyə sävôrnyäNˈ də bräzäˈ [key], 1852–1905, Franco-Italian empire builder. He was born Pietro Paolo Savorgnan...

(Encyclopedia) Talma, François Joseph fräNswäˈ zhôzĕfˈ tälmäˈ [key], 1763–1826, French actor. The greatest tragedian of his time, he broke with tradition and foreshadowed the romanticists. He continued L...

(Encyclopedia) Joseph, 1714–77, king of Portugal (1750–77), son and successor of John V. Little inclined to rule, his reign was dominated by his minister, the marquês de Pombal. After Lisbon was partially destr...

(Encyclopedia) Lespinasse, Julie Jeanne Éléonore de zhülēˈ zhän ālāōnôrˈ də lĕspēnäsˈ [key], 1732–76, French woman of letters. She aided (1754–64) Mme Du Deffand in her salon and organized (1764)...

(Encyclopedia) Suffren de Saint-Tropez, Pierre André de pyĕr äNdrāˈ də süfrĕnˈ də săN-trôpāˈ [key], 1726–88, French admiral. He participated in naval warfare in the War of the Austrian Succession and...

(Encyclopedia) Goebbels, Joseph (Paul Joseph Goebbels) poul yōˈzĕf göbˈəls [key], 1897–1945, German National Socialist propagandist. He was kept out of the service in World War I by a clubfoot. After graduat...

(Encyclopedia) Troubetzkoy, Paul, Prince tro͞obĕtskoiˈ, tro͞obĕtsˈkoi, Rus. tro͞obyĭtskoiˈ [key], 1866–1938, Russian sculptor, b. Italy. The son of a Russian nobleman and an American woman, Troubetzkoy wo...

(Encyclopedia) Paul I, 1754–1801, czar of Russia (1796–1801), son and successor of Catherine II. His mother disliked him intensely and sought on several occasions to change the succession to his disadvantage. Du...

(Encyclopedia) Benjamin Constant, Paul Henri: see Estournelles de Constant. ...

(Encyclopedia) Garnier, Marie Joseph François gärnyāˈ [key], 1839–73, French explorer and naval officer, usually known as Francis Garnier. He served (1860–62) against Annam and China, then in the administra...