Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Casgrain, Henri Raymond äNrēˈ rāmôNˈ käsgrăNˈ [key], 1831–1904, French Canadian historian. He traveled widely in Europe, collecting documents relevant to Canadian history, and wrote enthusi...

(Encyclopedia) Darboy, Georges zhôrzh därbwäˈ [key], 1813–71, French churchman, bishop of Nancy (1859–63) and archbishop of Paris (1863–71). In the Franco-Prussian War he behaved heroically, notably in the...

(Encyclopedia) Henry, Pierre Georges, 1927–2017, French composer noted for his contributions to electronic music. He studied with Nadia Boulanger and Olivier Messiaen at the Paris Conservatory, where he met Pierre...

(Encyclopedia) Bataille, Georges jôrj bətī, –bätī [key], 1897–1962, French writer. Bataille was the founding editor of the journal Critique (1946). Strongly influenced by Nietzsche, he focuses on extreme st...

(Encyclopedia) Raymond, c.1140–1187, count of Tripoli (1152–87), great-great-grandson of Raymond IV of Toulouse. He played a leading part in the last years of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Captured (1164) by t...

(Encyclopedia) Picquart, Georges zhôrzh pēkärˈ [key], 1854–1914, French general. As chief of the army intelligence section in 1896, he discovered that the memorandum that had been used to convict Captain Dreyf...

(Encyclopedia) Queneau, Raymond rāmôNˈ kĕnōˈ [key], 1903–76, French author and critic. He was an advocate of surrealism during the middle and late 1920s. Queneau is best known for his manipulations of style ...

(Encyclopedia) Pitoëff, Georges zhôrzh pēˈtōĕf [key], 1884–1939, Russian actor-manager. Although he had both engineering and law degrees, Pitoeff was drawn to the theater. He directed his own amateur company...

(Encyclopedia) Lefebvre, Georges ləfĕˈvrə [key], 1874–1959, French historian, an authority on the French Revolutionary period. From 1937 to 1945 he held the chair of French Revolutionary history at the Sorbon...

(Encyclopedia) Courteline, Georges zhôrzh ko͞orˌtəlēnˈ [key], 1858–1929, French writer. His prolific humorous and satiric works include sketches, plays, tales, and novels. Bourgeois attitudes are ridiculed i...