Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Valmy välmēˈ [key], village (1993 est. pop. 293), Marne dept., NE France, in the Argonne region. The “cannonade of Valmy,” a Franco-Prussian artillery skirmish, was fought near there on Sept. 2...

(Encyclopedia) Charlet, Nicolas Toussaint nēkôläˈ to͞osăNˈ shärlāˈ [key], 1792–1845, French lithographer and painter. He was famous for his lithographs depicting political and social subjects. Those conc...

(Encyclopedia) Frederick VI, 1768–1839, king of Denmark (1808–39) and Norway (1808–14), son and successor of Christian VII. After the court party had executed Struensee, expelled Frederick's mother, Caroline M...

(Encyclopedia) Dartmoor Prison, English prison, at Princetown, Devonshire, built (1806–9) to house French captives during the Napoleonic Wars. During the War of 1812 many American prisoners were confined there, an...

(Encyclopedia) Charles William Ferdinand, 1735–1806, duke of Brunswick (1780–1806), Prussian field marshal. He had great success in the Seven Years War (1756–63) and was commander in chief (1792–94) of the A...

(Encyclopedia) Evans, Lewis, c.1700–1756, colonial surveyor and geographer, b. Wales. Evans carried out several assignments for Benjamin Franklin. His travels and studies of the colonies nearest him bore fruit in ...

(Encyclopedia) Île-aux-Noix ēl-ō-nwä [key], island, 210 acres (85 hectares), in the Richelieu River near St. Jean, S Que., Canada; location of Fort Lennox National Historic Site (est. 1921). During the French an...

(Encyclopedia) Mornay, Philippe de, seigneur du Plessis-Marly fēlēpˈ də môrnāˈ sānyörˈ dü plĕsēˈ-märlēˈ [key], 1549–1623, diplomat and publicist for the French Protestants, or Huguenots, during th...

(Encyclopedia) Albany Congress, 1754, meeting at Albany, N.Y., of commissioners representing seven British colonies in North America to treat with the Iroquois, chiefly because war with France impended. A treaty was...

(Encyclopedia) Kosala kōˈsələ [key], ancient Indian kingdom, corresponding roughly in area with the region of Oudh. Its capital was Ayodhya. It was a powerful state in the 6th cent. b.c. but was weakened by a se...