Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Basel, Council of, 1431–49, first part of the 17th ecumenical council in the Roman Catholic Church. It is generally considered to have been ecumenical until it fell into heresy in 1437; after that i...

(Encyclopedia) Rossbach rôsˈbäkh [key], village, Saxony-Anhalt, E central Germany. At Rossbach on Nov. 5, 1757, Frederick II of Prussia defeated the imperial army and the French under Soubise in the Seven Years W...

(Encyclopedia) Lucius III, d. 1185, pope (1181–85), a native of Lucca named Ubaldo Allucingoli; successor of Alexander III. He was a Cistercian with St. Bernard and was created a cardinal in 1141 by Innocent II. H...

(Encyclopedia) Kyffhäuser kĭfˈhoizər [key], forested mountain, c.1,550 ft (470 m), Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany. It is crowned by the two ruined castles of Rothenburg (7th cent.) and Kyffhausen (12th cent.) an...

(Encyclopedia) Schlüter, Andreas ändrāˈäs shlüˈtər [key], 1664–1714, German sculptor. After studying in France and Italy, he became architect and sculptor to the Hohenzollern at Berlin, where the principal...

(Encyclopedia) Christian of Anhalt, 1568–1630, prince of Anhalt (1603–30). He was a firm Calvinist and a skilled diplomat. As adviser to Frederick IV, elector palatine, he sought to build a strong Protestant all...

(Encyclopedia) Luther, Martin, 1483–1546, German leader of the Protestant Reformation, b. Eisleben, Saxony, of a family of small, but free, landholders. At Wittenberg the iconoclasts under Carlstadt had institut...

(Encyclopedia) Godfrey of Viterbo vētĕrˈbō [key], 12th cent., German or Italian priest. He was long attached to the courts of Holy Roman emperors Conrad III, Frederick I, and Henry VI in Italy. His Gesta Frideri...

(Encyclopedia) Paulinus, Saint pôlīˈnəs [key], d. 644, Italian missionary, bishop of York (625–33). He was a Roman monk who went to England with the mission of St. Augustine of Canterbury in 601. For some year...

(Encyclopedia) Halifax, Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st earl of, 1881–1959, British statesman. He entered the House of Commons (1910) as a Conservative and was president of the Board of Education (1922–24) an...