Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Sugihara, Chiune, 1900–1986, Japanese diplomat who saved several thousand European Jews during World War II. He served (1920–22) in the army, then joined the Japanese foreign ministry. In 1939 he ...

(Encyclopedia) Tadić, Boris, 1958–, Serbian political leader, president of Serbia (2004–), b. Sarajevo, Yugoslavia (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina). A student activist while attending Belgrade Univ., Tadić join...

(Encyclopedia)  Raisi, Ebrahim , 1960- , Iranian cleric and political leader, b. Mashhad, as Ebrahim Raisol-Sadati. Raisi’s educational history is unclear, with both...

(Encyclopedia) Freitas do Amaral, Diogo dēōˈgō frāˈtäs do͞o ämärälˈ [key], 1941–2020, Portuguese political leader. A law professor at the Univ. of Lisbon, he was a founder (1974) and leader (1974–82,...

(Encyclopedia) reciprocal trade agreement, international commercial treaty in which two or more nations grant equally advantageous trade concessions to each other. It usually refers to treaties dealing with tariffs....

(Encyclopedia) HEREDITARY WESTERN EUROPEAN TITLES OF NOBILITY ...

(Encyclopedia) Saarland zärˈlänt [key], state (1994 pop. 1,080,000), 991 sq mi (2,567 sq km), SW Germany; formerly called the Saar or the Saar Territory. Saarbrücken is the capital; other cities include Völklin...

(Encyclopedia) Nikolić, Tomislav ämˈēsläv nēˈkōlĭch [key], 1952–, Serbian political leader. A construction executive, he entered politics in the 1990s, becoming a member of the ultranationalist Serbian Ra...

(Encyclopedia) Modrow, Hans hänz môdˈrō [key], 1928–2023, German politician. He served in the German Army, ...

(Encyclopedia) Bronfman, Edgar Miles, Sr. 1929–2013, Canadian-American business executive and philanthropist, b. Montreal, grad. McGill Univ. (1951). He was the eldest son of Samuel Bronfman, 1889–1971, an East ...