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(Encyclopedia) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), an international organization est. 1919 to advance the chemical sciences and contribute to the application of chemistry to the service of hum...
(Encyclopedia) Duceppe, Gilles zhēl düsĕpˈ [key], 1947–, French-Canadian separatist politician, b. Montreal. A union negotiator from 1977 to 1990 and a Quebec separtatist from 1967, Duceppe was a founding memb...
(Encyclopedia) Dvina dvēnäˈ [key] or Northern Dvina, Rus. Severnaya Dvina, river, c.465 mi (750 km) long, N European Russia. It is formed near Veliki Ustyug by the union of the Sukhona and Yug rivers, flows N pas...
(Encyclopedia) Ashton, Catherine Margaret, Baroness Ashton of Upholland, 1956– British government official. She was an administrator for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (1977–83), director of Business in th...
(Encyclopedia) Karamanlis, or Caramanlis, Constantine kônˈstäntēn kärämänlēsˈ [key], 1907–98, president of Greece (1980–85, 1990–95), b. Turkish Macedonia. A member of parliament in 1935–36, he was ...
(Encyclopedia) See L. Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2d ed. 1971); S. F. Cohen, Rethinking the Soviet Experience (1985); M. Geller, Utopia in Power (1986); S. Carter, Russian Nationalism (1990); ...
(Encyclopedia) closed shop and open shop. The term “closed shop” is used to signify an establishment employing only members of a labor union. The union shop, a closely allied term, indicates a company where empl...
(Encyclopedia) Bank for International Settlements (BIS), international financial institution est. (1930) in Basel, Switzerland, by bankers and diplomats from Europe, the United States, and Japan. It was originally s...
(Encyclopedia) Warsaw Treaty Organization or Warsaw Pact, alliance set up under a mutual defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, in 1955 by Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania,...
(Encyclopedia) Luxembourg or Luxemburg, city (1991 pop. 75,377), capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, S Luxembourg, at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers. It is a commercial, banking, industrial...