Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) chemical industry, the business of using chemical reactions to turn raw materials, such as coal, oil, and salt, into a variety of products. During the 19th and 20th cent. technological advances in the...

(Encyclopedia) Choiseul, César, comte Du Plessis-Praslin, duc de sāzärˈ kôNt dü plĕsē-prälăNˈ dük də shwäzölˈ [key], 1598–1675, marshal of France, diplomat, and soldier. He served as ambassador to ...

(Encyclopedia) Mornay, Philippe de, seigneur du Plessis-Marly fēlēpˈ də môrnāˈ sānyörˈ dü plĕsēˈ-märlēˈ [key], 1549–1623, diplomat and publicist for the French Protestants, or Huguenots, during th...

(Encyclopedia) IRAS: see infrared astronomy.

(Encyclopedia) NICMOS: see infrared astronomy.

(Encyclopedia) COBE: see infrared astronomy.

(Encyclopedia) SOFIA: see infrared astronomy.

(Encyclopedia) Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, duc de ärmäNˈ ĕmänüĕlˈ dü plĕsēˈ dük də rēshəlyöˈ [key], 1766–1822, French statesman. An émigré from the French Revolution, he served Russi...

(Encyclopedia) Infrared Astronomical Satellite: see infrared astronomy. ...

(Encyclopedia) Infrared Space Observatory: see infrared astronomy. ...