Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) water power, mechanical energy derived from falling or flowing water, e.g., rivers, streams, and the overflow of dams. The wooden water wheel, long utilized for driving machinery in flour mills and fa...

(Encyclopedia) Garfield Heights, city (2020 pop. 29,781), Cuyahoga co., NE Ohio, a residential and industrial suburb adjacent to Cleveland; founded 1904, inc. 1932. It...

(Encyclopedia) Chamorro, Emiliano āmēlyäˈnō chämōˈrō [key], 1871–1966, president of Nicaragua (1917–20, 1926). A conservative army chief, Chamorro supported the revolt (1909) against José Santos Zelaya...

(Encyclopedia) United Irishmen or United Irish Society, Irish political organization. It was founded at Belfast in 1791 by Theobald Wolfe Tone. Disgruntled by the use of English patronage to control Irish politics, ...

(Encyclopedia) Tilly, Charles, 1929–2008, American sociologist, b. Lombard, Ill. Educated at Harvard and Oxford, Tilly taught at the Univ. of Michigan, the New School for Social Research, and Columbia, among other...

(Encyclopedia) Brangwyn, Sir Frank William brăngˈwĭn [key], 1867–1956, British painter, etcher, and designer, b. Belgium (to British parents). In his youth he worked in the studio of William Morris and later tr...

(Encyclopedia) Chesnutt, Charles Waddell wädĕlˈ [key], 1858–1932, American author and lawyer, b. Cleveland, Ohio. In 1887 he was admitted to the Ohio bar. His short stories were first published in the Atlantic ...

(Encyclopedia) Cuyahoga Valley National Park kīˌəhōˈgə [key], 32,950 acres (13,334 hectares), in the Cuyahoga River valley between Akron and Cleveland, NE Ohio; est. as a national recreation area 1974, designa...

(Encyclopedia) American architecture, the architecture produced in the geographical area that now constitutes the United States. Wright, generally acknowledged as one of the greatest architects of the 20th cent., ...

(Encyclopedia) West Florida Controversy, conflict between Spain and the United States concerning possession of Florida. By the Treaty of Paris of 1763, Britain received Florida from Spain, and from France that porti...