Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Bamberg bämˈbĕrk [key], city, Bavaria, S Germany, a port on the Regnitz River. It is an in...

(Encyclopedia) Urban IV, d. 1264, pope (1261–64), a Frenchman (b. Troyes) named Jacques Pantaléon; successor of Alexander IV. In the pontifical service he was sent on missions into N Germany; then he was made bis...

(Encyclopedia) Hunter, John, 1728–93, Scottish anatomist and surgeon, studied under his brother, William Hunter. A pioneer in comparative anatomy and morphology who is sometimes called the father of modern surgery...

(Encyclopedia) Smith, Sir Harry George Wakelyn, 1787–1860, British general and administrator. He served in the Peninsular War and in the War of 1812 and was a brigade major at the battle of Waterloo. He commanded ...

(Encyclopedia) Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer, 1916–95, American biochemist, b. Monessen, Pa., Ph.D. Harvard Medical School, 1943. He spent the early years of his career in brief research and fellowship positions at ...

(Encyclopedia) Noel-Baker, Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron, 1889–1982, British statesman, b. Philip John Baker. After helping to draft (1919) the Covenant of the League of Nations, he served (1929–31, 1936–70) a...

(Encyclopedia) McGuinness, Martin (James Martin Pacelli McGuinness), 1950–2017, Northern Irish political leader, b. Derry. He joined the Irish Republican Army (IRA) as a young man and was active in both its regula...

(Encyclopedia) Holiday, Billie, 1915–59, American singer, b. Baltimore. Her original name was Eleanora Fagan. She began singing professionally in 1930, and after performing with numerous bands—especially those o...

(Encyclopedia) Dubuque dəbyo͞okˈ [key], city (2020 pop. 59,667), seat of Dubuque co., NE Iowa, on the Mis...

(Encyclopedia) Philip IV (Philip the Fair), 1268–1314, king of France (1285–1314), son and successor of Philip III. The policies of his reign greatly strengthened the French monarchy and increased the royal reve...