Columbia Encyclopedia

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Bold, 1433–77, last reigning duke of Burgundy (1467–77), son and successor of Philip the Good. As the count of Charolais before his accession, he opposed the growing power of King Loui...

(Encyclopedia) Harold I or Harold Fairhair, Norse Harald Haarfager, c.850–c.933, first king of Norway, son of Halfdan the Black, king of Vestfold (SE Norway). After succeeding his father, Harold initiated a series...

(Encyclopedia) European Free Trade Association (EFTA), customs union and trading bloc; its current members are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. EFTA was established in 1960 by Austria, Denmark, Great...

(Encyclopedia) Kiruna kēˈrünä [key], city (1990 pop. 20,470), Norrbotten co., N Sweden. The northernmost city in Sweden, it is the center of the Lapland iron-mining region. The ore is shipped on the Lapland rail...

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Bad: see Charles II, king of Navarre. ...

(Encyclopedia) Manuel II, 1889–1932, king of Portugal (1908–10), second son of Charles I. He succeeded to the throne after the assassination of his father and elder brother, but in Oct., 1910, a revolution dethr...

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Bald, French king: see Charles II, emperor of the West. ...

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Fat, French king: see Charles III, emperor of the West. ...

(Encyclopedia) Portocarrero, Luis Manuel Fernández de lwēs mänwĕlˈ fĕrnänˈdāth dā pôrˈtōkärāˈrō [key], 1635–1709, Spanish statesman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Created cardinal in 1669...

(Encyclopedia) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), international organization that came into being in 1961. It superseded the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, which had been ...